4.1 U.S. Citizens and Nationals

4.1.1 Child Citizenship Act
4.1.2 Citizens of the Compacts of Free Association Countries

To qualify for BadgerCare Plus, persons who are otherwise eligible and declare that they are U.S. citizens or nationals must provide documentation of their citizenship unless they are exempt, or their citizenship is verified by the Social Security Administration through a data exchange.

A person is a U.S. citizen if any of the following is true:

Was born in the United States, the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, Guam or the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Was born to a U.S. citizen who was living abroad.
Is a naturalized U.S. citizen.

A person is a U.S. national if they were born in American Samoa (including Swain's Island). The Independent State of Samoa (also known as Western Samoa) is not part of American Samoa, therefore individuals from this country are not U.S. nationals.

4.1.1 Child Citizenship Act

The Child Citizenship Act (CCA) of 2000 amended the Immigration and Naturalization Act (INA) to provide derivative citizenship to certain foreign-born children of U.S. citizens. This applies to individuals who were under 18 years old on February 27, 2001 and anyone born since that date. The act applies to children meeting any of the following:

Adopted children meeting the two-year custody requirement
Orphans with a full and final adoption abroad or adoption finalized in the U.S.
Biological or legitimated children
Certain children born out of wedlock to a mother who naturalizes

The CCA provides that foreign-born children who meet all of the conditions below automatically acquire U.S. citizenship on the date the conditions are met. They are not required to apply for a certificate of naturalization or citizenship to prove U.S. citizenship. These conditions are that the child:

Has at least 1 parent who is a U.S. citizen (whether by birth or naturalization),
Is under 18 years of age,
Has entered the U.S. as a legal immigrant,
If adopted, has completed a full and final adoption; and,
Lives in the legal and physical custody of the U.S. citizen parent in the U.S.

Adopted children automatically become U.S. citizens if the children meet all the above conditions and any of the following:

Adopted under the age of 16 and has been in the legal custody of and has resided with the adopting parent or parents for at least two years.
Adopted while under the age of 18 and has been in the legal custody of and has resided with the adopting parent or parents for at least two years and is a sibling of another adopted child who is under 16.
Orphans adopted while under the age of 16, who have had their adoption and immigration status approved by the USCIS (Form I-171, "Notice of Approval of Relative Immigrant Visa Petition”). These children need not have lived with the adoptive parents for two years.
Orphans adopted under the age of 18, who have had their adoption and immigration status approved by the USCIS and are siblings of another adopted child who is under the age of 16. These children need not have lived with the adoptive parents for two years.

4.1.2 Citizens of the Compacts of Free Association Countries

Citizens of the Compacts of Free Association countries are not considered U.S. citizens or nationals. The Compacts of Free Association countries include the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of Palau. Citizens of the Compact of Free Association (COFA) countries have a special status with the U.S. that allows them to enter the country, work here, and acquire an SSN without obtaining an immigration status.

As of December 27, 2020, COFACitizens of the Compact of Free Association citizens may be eligible for health care if they meet all other eligibility requirements. In addition, COFA citizens are not subject to the five-year waiting period. However, COFACitizens of the Compact of Free Association citizens who adjust their status and become Lawful Permanent Residents are subject to the five-year waiting period.

This page last updated in Release Number: 21-02
Release Date: 8/30/2021
Effective Date: 12/27/2021